@article{Ivanov1999,
title={Multifractality in human heartbeat dynamics},
author={Ivanov PC, 
Amaral LAN, 
Goldberger AL, 
Havlin S, 
Rosenblum MG, 
Struzik ZR, 
Stanley HE},
abstract={There is evidence that physiological signals under healthy conditions may have a fractal temporal structure(1). Here we investigate the possibility that time series generated by certain physiological control systems may be members of a special class of complex processes, termed multifractal, which require a large number of exponents to characterize their scaling properties(2-6). We report on evidence for multifractality in a biological dynamical system, the healthy human heartbeat, and show that the multifractal character and nonlinear properties of the healthy heart rate are encoded in the Fourier phases. We uncover a loss of multifractality for a life-threatening condition, congestive heart failure.},
journal={Nature},
volume={399},
doi={10.1038/20924},
year={1999},
month={JUN},
day={3},
pages={461--465},
}